In the photo on the right purlins with bracing are properly installed, but the required collar ties are missing. In the image on the left, it shows collar ties and purlins w/ it's bracing properly installed. Rafter ties (not serving as ceiling joists) that are running above and perpendicular with the joists can sit on the joists and also be fastened to them thus also serving as strong backs to help prevent ceiling joists from twisting and sagging. spacing or every three rafters on a 16" on center spacing. These rafter ties running perpendicular above the joists need to be a maximum of 48" on center apart, which would be every other rafter on a 24" o.c. Rafter ties when not also serving as ceiling joists are required to be at least a 2x4 material and should be on edge. When the ceiling joists are running perpendicular with the rafters then rafter ties are run above the joists in the direction of the rafters and are fastened to them. Ceiling joists serve as Rafter ties when they are running the same direction as the rafters and are tied together with them at the exterior wall. Spreading walls will create a sagging roof. Rafter ties are installed as low as possible as they are required to be in the lower third of the roof frame area to prevent exterior walls from spreading. Also, an engineered truss roof frame does not ordinarilly have a ridge. This is on a conventional stick frame (non truss) structure, as trusses do not require collar ties from a framing material as they are tied together with metal plates / gussets. Collar ties as per current IRC code are required to be at least 1x4(nominal) material but are most commonly at least 2x4's. Contrary to belief collar ties do not prevent wall separation. Collar ties prevent rafter separation and uplift. Collar ties are connections between rafters at the upper one third of the roof area just below the ridge and are required at every other rafter of a 24" on center spacing. Both are horizontal framing members that serve different purposes and are both important to a properly framed roof. Quite fascinating, actually.In the roof frame of a home, collar ties and rafter ties are commonly confused for one another. It's makes more sense when you see an actual Engineer's drawing of the compression and tension forces at work in roof construction. The upward support requirement at mid rafter of a truss is effectively transferred to the outside points via the strutting/web members, bottom chord and gang nails. The same problem does not present in a trussed roof because all of the upward support is located at the outsides of the triangle. A collar tie then becomes effective in negating this force, and they are most definitely in tension. However, as soon as you add a purlin run to the rafter span the upward force of the purlins/struts introduces a new "lateral spreading" force at the centre of the rafters, even though they are securely fixed at the bottom by the ceiling joist. If you added a collar tie to this single rafter span geometry it would indeed tend to act as a compression member, which is not the design purpose of a collar tie. You are quite right in that the ceiling joists will form the tension member of the roof triangle just as the bottom chord of a roof truss does, and prevents the rafters spreading apart at the base. In other words, when the roof construction involves one or more lines of under-purlins and struts to support the rafters in mid span. Collar ties are generally used when the rafters are continuous over more than one span.
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Adding placemarks and lines to Google Earth. Spolupracujte s alími podobne ako v Dokumentoch Google a zdieajte svoj príbeh ako prezentáciu. Here’s how you would fetch an individual glTF from the API: const tile_url = `/v1/3dtiles/datasets/CgA/files/UlRPVEYubm9kZWRhdGEucGxhbmV0b2lkPWVhcnRoLG5vZGVfZGF0YV9lcG9jaD05NDQscGF0aD0xMzYwNSxjYWNoZV92ZXJzaW9uPTYsaW1hZ2VyeV9lcG9jaD05NjA.glb`Ĭonst final_url = `$`Īnd then final_url can be opened directly in the browser and download the glb. Découvrez des images satellite, des bâtiments 3D et des vues en relief de centaines de villes à travers le monde. Naklote si mapu a ulote si dokonalé 3D zobrazenie alebo preskúmajte 360° prostredie vo funkcii Street View. This is because the API requires a “session id”, which you can also extract from the network tab (or obtain from the API with an initial request). Poiite kraj, ki vam je ve Raziite satelitske slike vsega sveta, zgradbe 3D in relief za ve sto mest. Viewing your story as a presentation and sharing it with a collaborator. Lancez le dé pour découvrir un nouvel endroit au hasard, suivez une visite guidée avec lExplorateur, et créez vos propres cartes et histoires. Explore world-famous landmarks, galleries, and museums right from your device, or turn the clock. Tip: Street View images aren’t available everywhere. Zoom in to check out buildings, landmarks, bridges, and more. Viewing your story as a presentation and sharing it with a collaborator. 360 imagery helps you know where to go and what to expect when traveling. You can use Street View to explore places more closely. Usually with glb’s they automatically download, these ones seem to link to a json object that throws an access denied warning… Adding Street View and a 3D view to a Google Earth project. Google Earth pour Chrome vous permet daccéder à nimporte quel endroit de la planète en quelques secondes et dexplorer des centaines de villes en 3D depuis votre navigateur. Adding Street View and a 3D view to a Google Earth project. The main functions of this program are primarily intended to stop third parties from spying on and tracking you. This software is an updated and upgraded version of the well-known messaging program WhatsApp, which was first released in 2016 as a test but has subsequently developed into a fully functional service. This program is what those who want to stay in touch with their friends and family and keep nice memories and moments with them everywhere they go require. You can use this tool to preserve conversations' texts that you frequently end up deleting. The unknown Arab teenager who created GBWhatsapp Pro gave you access to several capabilities that are not available on the vilified Green WhatsApp, such as the ability to preserve conversations, texts, and all of your account information in a file. Just follow the steps as they are illustrated in the following photographs. You might need to enable "Unknown sources" in Settings > Security > Unknown sources in order to install the APK file on Android. Installation instructions: As the MOD version of GBWhatsApp is not available on Google Play, you will need to manually download and install it on your Android smartphone using this installation process. Share live sites: In addition to this function, GB Whatsapp 2023 also allows you to share your live locations with friends. The app has a function called Anti Invoke Message. Message Filtering GBWhatsApp has been designed with a message filtering function that allows users to filter their messages as well as clear conversation. You can use this to chat with groups and send out broadcast text messages. This well-known phone feature, which stops notifications and increases your privacy, is now only available on GB Whatsapp. The tortoiseshell markings are similar to the shell of a tortoise, hence the name. Tortoiseshell cats, or tortie cats, are actually bi-color cats. If you have had trouble telling torbie cats apart from torties, that’s in the past, as it’s very easy, and now you’ll learn how. Torbie Cat VS Tortoiseshell Cat Comparison However, many calico parents claim that these unique and beautiful kitties are even more affectionate and loving than their fellow cats from the same breed. The calico cats don’t have any special personality traits, as the calico only refers to their body color. This calico pattern is very common for both domestic cats and purebred cats. This is why calico cats cannot be bred the coat coloration happens naturally due to the cat’s genes. What’s even more interesting is that male calicos are born sterile due to the condition Klinefelter Syndrome which may also lead to other abnormalities and health issues. However, male calicos are still possible, and they’re extremely rare. Moreover, calico cats are usually females due to the X chromosome, which is responsible for determining the cat’s coat color.
Hearts Card Game can be played in all modern browsers, on all device types (desktop, tablet, mobile), and on all operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS. If you like Hearts, try out other trick-taking games such as Spades and Euchre. The game ends when one of the players reaches 100 points. If a player has won all 13 Hearts and the Queen of Spades, that player can choose to subtract 26 points from his score, or to add 26 points to every other player's score. Each card of the Hearts suit counts for 1 point. At the end of each hand, the number of Hearts a player has taken is counted. The goal of Hearts is to score as few points as possible. The Queen of Spades can be led at any time. At that point grand total for each player is calculated, with. A game can span several rounds, its over when one player reaches 100 points. The game is scored based on how much deadwood you have at the end of each game. Want to play with your friends Create custom games for them to join. Just press play and you are matched up with human players from all around the world. Hearts may not be led until a Hearts or the Queen of Spades has been played (this is called "breaking" hearts). The objective of Gin Rummy is to collect cards into melds and have as little deadwood as possible at the end of a game. Enjoy the classic game of Hearts with real live players Hearts Online is the best FREE multi-player Hearts game available for Windows. The winner of the trick gets all the cards and starts the next trick. The highest card of the suit led wins a trick, as there are no trumps in Hearts. There is one exception, if a player has no clubs when the first trick is led, a Hearts or the Queen of Spades cannot be played. If a player has no cards in the suit, a card of any other suit may be discarded. Every player must follow suit if possible. GameplayĪfter the initial passing, whoever holds the 2 of clubs has to play that card to start the first trick. This rotation repeats until the game ends. to the player on your left, 2 to the player on your right, 3 to the player across the table, 4. All players must pass their cards before they can look at the cards they have received. The game is typically played with 4 rounds. The game is played with a deck of 52 cards, with the cards being ranked from Ace of Spades (A) to King of Clubs (K). The object of the game is to try to get as few points as possible. PassingĪfter looking at their hand, each player chooses three cards and passes them face down to another player. Classic Hearts card game free is a game that is typically played with two teams of two players. The cards are ranked as follows from highest to lowest: A - K - Q - J - 10 - 9 - 8 - 7 - 6 - 5 - 4 - 3 - 2. Hearts uses a regular French-suited deck of 52 cards. Hearts is played with four players who each play individually. If you fancy a break from solitaire, this is a very interesting alternative. The Hearts Card Game has quite a few rules, but it is quite a well liked card game if you take the time to learn them. A tessellation is perhaps the perfect example of a link between the math world and the art world. Escher using it to accelerate his career. It is used in both math and art, although it is most commonly seen in the artistic world, with the likes of the previously mentioned M. When a tessellation is created, we get a completely covered flat surface using various shapes. There are three types that we have already discussed, and it is linked closely to hyperbolic geometry. Escher was so into this style of artwork that he created his own new classification system for plane division.Ī tessellation pattern, also called tiling, is when a number of different shapes fit together perfectly on a flat plane. Many of his pieces featured animals using which he would divide the planes of the work. Escher used tessellation patterns extensively in his work, often to great effect. You can commonly find examples of these in Islamic architecture, as no animals or humans are depicted on buildings with the belief that it might lead to idol worship. Tessellation patterns can be seen in various areas of life, including in patterns and designs, hobbies, architecture, and also in the art of M. There are nine different types of semi-regular tessellations that can be created by using various shapes at various lengths, such as combining triangles, hexagons, and squares.ĭemi-Regular tessellations: These are the type that consists of two or three polygonal arrangements, of which there are 20. Semi-regular tessellations: When two or three different polygonal shapes share a common vortex, it is called a semi-regular tessellation. These have interior angles which are divisors of 360. There are three types of regular tessellations, those being triangles, hexagons, and squares. Regular tessellations: Regular tessellations are tile coverings made up of only one shape. There are three types of tessellations that you’re going to come across, and they are as follows: What are The Three Types of Tessellations? Things like a tile floor or a chessboard are an example of a tessellation pattern.Īs tessellation is the much more common of the two, we’re going to be focusing our efforts on those for the majority of this article. A tessellation is the covering of a flat plane surface with one or more geometric shapes, in which there are no gaps. Tessellations, on the other hand, are much more common. There's also a Google doc with Islamic Geometry info and resources: bit.It is quite rare you’re ever going to have to use or come across fractals, whether it be art, geometry, mathematics, or otherwise. My favorite GeoGebra tessellations I've made: Pythagorean tiling, Escherized Hexagon tiling, and Rotation of base kite tiles. I have a few tessellation posts on this blog and more tessellations on the tumblr. To contact me with questions, suggested resources or any mistakes or bad links. The following resources areĪll ones that I have found useful in one way or another. Problem solving and pattern creation/detection. Younger students it is a deep application of all four Euclidean motions, andįor older students the richness provides many opportunities for analysis, Math education, tilings still hold a deep fascination for me. Penrose tilings) were even a part of my thesis. Grade up through graduate level math classes. I like teaching tessellations at all levels of math, and have done so from 2nd Exciting new development: Emily Grosvenor, author of a new children's book on tiling called Tessalation, is starting World Tessellation Day, June 17th Escher's birthday. AnyTrans has also the ability to make your favorite part of a song as a ring tone or text tone. Move music, music, audios, videos, contacts, messages and all favorite data with all in one software. 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When using a cover sheet, the requirements listed above must still be met, or the document will be returned for compliance. Maps to be recorded must follow formatting requirements, set by WAC 332-130-050 First Page ExampleĮxample layout of document requirements Cover SheetsĪ standard cover sheet may be used as the first page of the document, to fulfill the three-inch top margin and indexing requirements. Requirements for Recorded Documents Formatting Requirementsĭocuments to be recorded must follow formatting requirements, set by RCW 65.04 The instrument contains the document title(s).The County Auditor's responsibility is limited to verifying the following information: It is not the responsibility of the County Auditor or Deputy Auditors to screen the document to make sure it is properly drafted. The responsibility for properly preparing an instrument, plat, survey, and other documents is that of the document preparer. They are prohibited from giving or offering legal advice. The County Auditor and their Deputy Auditors are not practicing attorneys in their roles as recording officers. Statutes RCW 65 and RCW 36 define the minimum amount of information required for each document recorded and the fees to be tendered for such recordings. In the State of Washington, County Auditors are "Custodian of Records." The Revised Code of Washington (RCW) statutes require the recording of legal documents. It also helps websites, companies, and entities comply with industry standards and requirements. A Microsoft study has shown that it is able to stop 99.999% of attacks, making it a highly efficient and feasible security measure that can very easily be added to just about any WordPress website.ĭue to its many benefits, 2FA has seen a surge in uptake – from online banking to WordPress websites. Two-factor authentication is fast becoming a security standard employed by many organizations and industries. Why is two-factor authentication important on a WordPress website? In addition to using their username and password, users trying to authenticate need to verify their identity through another factor, increasing the overall level of security and reliability of the authentication process. It uses exactly two independent factors to authenticate a user. I won’t reproduce all the code here, but I’ll show some of the key operations from my Rust implementation.īreaking the chunk into sixteen 32-bit integers and then extending into eighty: for i in 0.Two-factor authentication, also known as 2FA for short, is a subset of MFA (multi-factor authentication). However, the TypeScript implementation was significantly more difficult due to its limited support for low-level bitwise operations, in particular with working with integers. I referred to the RFC for guidance both times, and it was fairly straightforward to implement. I’ve implemented SHA-1 twice, once in TypeScript for my authenticator app, and once in Rust as part of my implementation of the WebSocket protocol. This continues until all chunks have been processed, and finally, the five state variables are combined into a single 160-bit hash value. These values are then used to generate some further values by performing eighty rounds of bitwise operations based on the chunk values. Five state variables are assigned specific starting values as follows: h0 = 0圆7452301 Each chunk is then further broken down into sixteen 32-bit integers, which are used to generate additional integers using bitwise operations to bring this number up to eighty. RFC 3174 is a useful resource to explore the algorithm further and refer to for implementation, as it contains the text of the original document defining SHA-1.Īfter some pre-processing to ensure that the input is a multiple of 64 bytes by way of padding, the input is split into chunks of 64 bytes or 512 bits. I’m not an expert in cryptography, but I’ll do my best to explain the basics of the algorithm. A vital property of a hash function is that the same input will produce the same output, and that the probability of two different inputs producing the same output (a “collision”) is almost impossible. A hash function takes a variable-length string of bytes, performs a number of one-way operations on them, often over a number of iterations, then produces a fixed-length string of bytes. SHA-1 HashingĪt the heart of the algorithm is the SHA-1 cryptographic hash function. If successful, the authentication process is complete and the server can supply the user with a token or something else. This key, along with the current time, is used each time the user generates a code, and the server uses the same key and the current time to independently verify the code. When 2FA is first set up, the server generates a secret key and shares it with the client in the form of a QR code, which the client scans using an authenticator app, such as Authenticate. When a user wants to authenticate with a server using two-factor authentication, they need to enter their password as well as a one-time code generated by the TOTP algorithm. This was the topic of my Exeter Mathematics Certificate research project, so you can read a more academic write-up in my report if you’re interested. In this blog post, I’ll be discussing the algorithms that make up the time-based one-time password two-factor authentication (TOTP). But how does it actually work behind the scenes? By requiring a secondary code to be generated locally and entered when signing in, the account is protected even in the event of a compromised password. Two-factor authentication is a vital part of securing any account. |
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